What is a colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a detailed examination of the cervix using a colposcope, a magnifying instrument with a light, to identify areas of abnormal cells that may have been flagged on a smear test. The procedure takes 15-20 minutes, is done in an outpatient setting, and does not require anaesthesia.
A colposcopy is not a treatment. It is a closer look. If abnormal cells are confirmed, the colposcopist may take a small biopsy (tissue sample) for laboratory analysis. Treatment, if needed, is arranged separately.
Why you might need a colposcopy
A colposcopy is usually recommended after:
- An abnormal smear test showing high-risk HPV with cell changes (dyskaryosis).
- A smear test showing persistent HPV infection over two consecutive tests.
- Visible changes to the cervix noticed during a smear test or gynaecological examination.
- Symptoms such as unexplained bleeding between periods, bleeding after sex, or unusual discharge, where the cervix needs closer examination.
An abnormal smear result does not mean you have cancer. In the vast majority of cases, it means cell changes (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or CIN) have been detected. CIN is graded 1-3. CIN1 often resolves on its own. CIN2 and CIN3 are more likely to progress if untreated, which is why colposcopy exists: to determine the grade and decide whether treatment is needed.
What happens during the procedure
You lie on the examination couch in the same position as a smear test. A speculum is inserted to hold the vagina open. Mr Naoum then positions the colposcope (which stays outside the body; it does not enter the vagina) to examine the cervix under magnification.
A dilute acetic acid solution (similar to vinegar) is applied to the cervix. This makes abnormal cells appear white against the normal pink tissue, allowing the colposcopist to see exactly where the changes are and how extensive they are.
If abnormal areas are identified, a small biopsy may be taken. This involves removing a tiny piece of tissue (a few millimetres) using biopsy forceps. You may feel a brief pinch or cramp. The sample is sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The whole procedure takes 15-20 minutes. Mr Naoum will explain what he sees during the examination and discuss the likely next steps before you leave.
Colposcopy results
Biopsy results typically take 1-2 weeks. The results will show whether the cell changes are:
- CIN1 (low grade): Mild changes that often resolve without treatment. A repeat smear in 12 months is the usual approach.
- CIN2 (moderate): More significant changes. Treatment is usually recommended to remove the abnormal cells and prevent progression.
- CIN3 (high grade): The most significant pre-cancerous changes. Treatment is recommended.
- No abnormality found: The colposcopy has ruled out significant changes. Return to routine screening.
Mr Naoum will contact you with your results and explain what they mean. If treatment is needed, he will arrange it directly.
Treatment: LLETZ
If your colposcopy and biopsy confirm CIN2 or CIN3, the standard treatment is LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone). This removes the area of abnormal cells using a thin heated wire loop, typically under local anaesthetic.
Mr Naoum performs LLETZ procedures at a private hospital under his admitting rights. The procedure takes 10-15 minutes and you go home the same day. Recovery involves avoiding sex, tampons, and swimming for 4 weeks, and light spotting is normal for 2-3 weeks.
After LLETZ, follow-up smear tests are arranged to confirm the abnormal cells have been fully removed. The success rate for LLETZ is over 90%.
How much does a private colposcopy cost?
Fees depend on whether the appointment includes biopsy, laboratory analysis, and any follow-up. Please call or book online for a personalised quote — reception will confirm the current package for consultant colposcopy with Mr Naoum and explain what is included.
LLETZ, when required, is charged separately by the private hospital. Mr Naoum will outline likely hospital fees once treatment is planned.
Enquire & bookNHS vs private colposcopy
| NHS | Private with Mr Naoum | |
|---|---|---|
| Wait time after abnormal smear | 2-8 weeks (target: within 2 weeks for urgent) | Usually within days |
| Who performs it | Colposcopist (may be nurse or doctor) | Consultant Gynaecologist |
| Same clinician for colposcopy and LLETZ | Often different clinicians | Same Consultant throughout |
| Results turnaround | 2-4 weeks | 1-2 weeks |
| Continuity of care | Returned to GP after treatment | Follow-up managed by Mr Naoum |
What to expect afterwards
After a colposcopy with biopsy, you may have light spotting or a brownish discharge for a few days. This is from the biopsy site and the acetic acid solution. Avoid sex, tampons, and swimming for 2-3 days after a biopsy.
If the colposcopy was examination only (no biopsy), there are no restrictions afterwards.
Paracetamol or ibuprofen can manage any mild cramping.
Frequently asked questions
Book a colposcopy
If you have had an abnormal smear result and want to be seen quickly, call 020 7183 1049 or book online. Bring your smear test results or referral letter to your appointment. No GP referral is required.
Ground Floor, 117A Harley Street, Marylebone, London W1G 6AT